Course schedule 2018 NIFTCH ISB

National Institute  of Fire Technology Islamabad course schedule for Year 2018

Civil defence training school Lahore 2018

سول ڈیفنس ٹریننگ سکول لاہور

کورس شیڈول برائے سال 2018ء

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: COPD

         Chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease is one of the most common lung diseases. It makes it difficult to breath. 

Causes :  

Smoking is the leading cause of COPD. The more a person smokes,
the more likely that person will develop COPD. However, some people smoke for years and never get COPD. 

Risk Factors:

. Exposure to certain gases or fumes in the workplace.

. Exposure to heavy amounts of secondhand smoke and pollution 

. Frequent use of cooking fire without proper ventilation

Symptoms: 

> Cough, with or without mucus

> Fatigue

> Many respiratory infections

> Shortness of breath that gets worse with mild activity

> Wheezing

Because the symptoms of COPD develop slowly, some people may not know that they are sick.

Complications: 

< Irregular heartbeat

< Need for breathing machine and oxygen therapy

< Right-sided heart failuer

< Pneumonia

< Severe weight loss and malnutrition

<Thinning of the bones 

Management: 

There is no cure for COPD. However, there are many things you can do to relieve symptoms and keep the disease from getting worse. Pulmonary Rehabilitation does not cure the lung disease, but it can teach you to breath in a different way so you can stay active. Exercise can help maintain muscle strength for respiration. 

. Slowly increase how far you walk

. Try not to talk when you walk if you get short of breath

. Use pursed lip breathing when breathing out

. Avoid very cold air

. Making sure no one smokes in your home

. Reducing air pollution by getting rid of fireplace smoke and other irritants 

. Persons with COPD must stop smoking

. Eat fish, poultry, lean meat, fruits and vegetables.

Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus is disease caused by high level of glucose in the blood. This is due to the defects in the production of insulin by the pancreas. Diabetes is one of the leading cause of death and disability all over the World. Diabetes can lead to serious complications, but people with diabetes can take steps to control the disease and lower the risk of complications. 

Types of Diabetes: 
1. When the body's immune system attacks and destroys its own insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. People with type 1 diabetes must have insulin delivered by injection or a pump. This is a congenital disease not depending on the diet as a cause. 

2. When the body does not make enough insulin or cannot use the insulin it makes effectively. This form of diabetes usually develops in adults over the age of 40 but is becoming more prevalent in yopunger age groups including children and afo;escents. because of increase in poor diet, too rich food. 
This type of diabetes can be prevented by a healty diet. 

Symptoms: 
. Feeling tired or ill
. Frequent urination 
. weight loss
. Blurred vision
. Frequent infections and slow healing wounds 
. Increased thirst and constant hunger

Risk Factors: 
. 45 years old or above
. Have a family history of Doiabetes Mellitus
. Over weight or obese
. Diabetes mellitus while pregnant
. Have Pre-diabetes
. High blood pressure
. High blood cholesterol levels
. Are not getting enough physical activity

Complications: 
. Higher risk of depression
. Higher risk of falling  and seriously hurting the mseles. 
. Physical disability, foot infection 
. Vision problems, risk of blindness
. Older women with diabetes are at higher risk for urinary incontinence than men.
. Failing memory and other losses of mental ability make it harder for the older person to check their blood sugar and take their medications on time. 
. Older adults with diabetes can experience pain from nerve damage. 

Management of Diabetes Mellitus: 
1. Eat variety of foods, rich in fibre, low in fat and sugar 
2.control your sugar consumption
3. choose water over cold derings and other beverages
4. maintain a healthy weight 
5. do regular exercise
6. use salt in moderation
7. avboid eating food high in salt such as chips etc

Food Nutrient Groups

Mineral:

A chemical substance ( such as iron or zinc) that occurs naturally in certain foods and that is important for good health. Calcium is the top mineral
 Found in: 
dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yogurt.

Protein: 

A substance found in foods such as meat, milk, eggs, and beans that is an important part of the human diet.
 Found in: 
yogurt, cheese, egg, beef.

Carbohydrates:

They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the s
ame ratio as water (2:1) and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body.
 Found in: 
bread, beans, milk, popcorn, potatoes, cookies, spaghetti, soft drinks.

Fat:

Fats are  organic compounds that are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are a source of energy in foods.
Found in:
avocado, cheese, dark chocolate, eggs, and fish

vitamins

The food we eat countaints that provide energy and other subdqnes the body needs.

Food Nutrient Groups:

1. Vitamin:

A vitamin is an organic compound and a vital nutrient that an organism requires in limited amounts.

2. Vitamin A: 

Vitamin "A" prevents eye problems, promotes a healthy immune system, is essential for the growth and development of cells, and keeps skin healthy.
 Found in : 
Milk, eggs, carrots, sweet, potatoes, pumpkin, cantaloupe, apricots, peaches, papayas, and mangos.

3. Vitamin  "C":

It's essential for healthy bones, teeth, hums, and blood vessels. It helps the body absorb iron, aids in wound healing, and contributes to brain function. 
 Found in :  
Citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi, guava, peppers, tomatoes, broccoli, and spinach. 

4. Vitamin "D"

Vitamin "D" strengthens bones because it helps the body absorb bone-building calcium.
This vitamin is unique-your body manufactures it when you get sunlight on your skin.
 Found in : 
eggs yolks, oily fish such as salmon, tuna, and sardines and fortified foods like milk, and orange juice. 

5. Vitamin "E"

Vitamin "E" is an antioxidant and helps protect cells from damage. 
It is also important for the health of red blood cells. 
 Found in : 
vegetable oils, nuts, and green leafy vegetables.