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Sunday, December 06, 2020

Winter and Baltistan:

 

Winter and Baltistan: 

When the leaf begins to turn yellow and begins to lose its luster. Field loses their beauty. The white sheet is stretched over the mountains. When the water starts to slow down, Rivers like the Indus have difficulty maintaining their flow. Then the climate change in Baltistan becomes noticeable. People change their daily lives. Those who work hard during the day are now beginning to relax. The beauties that used to enjoy working in the fields now show off their appearance. They Sunbathing all the day, and as evening falls, they close their homes completely and arrange for heating.

Because the nights are long, the neighbors go to each other. It is the custom of the people of Baltistan to be humble for the sake of the guests. So homeowners make a variety of items for their neighbors to wake up at night. Which in previous periods were completely indigenous? But over time, that is likely to change.

Children gather around the elders. An elderly traditionalist begins the story. At the end of the special title, the family presents the gift of traditional dried fruits to all these people. Everyone enjoys the story. The story is stopped at the end of a certain time and everyone goes home the next night hoping to continue it again.

Writer: 

Muhammad Iqbal Shamim

Baltistani. 

 

First Aid Management -1

 Image result for broken bone and wound images


Bleeding and Wounds:
   To stop bleeding, firmly squeeze the sides of the wound together or apply pressure with the thumbs at the sides of the wound. Cleanse around and away from the wound, taking care not to disturb any blood clot. Apply and maintain pressure to bleeding part with dressing, cover with pad and bandage firmly. If bleeding is not controlled, apply more pads and increase pressure with the hand or additional bandages. Immobilize the injured part and treat for shock. 

Shock:

Image result for shock     Symptoms are pale,  cold skin, rapid pulse, shallow breathing, and weakness. Shock itself can be fatal, Reassure the patient and lay him down at absolute rest. Loosen any tight clothing, wrap in blanket or coat but DO NOT OVEREAT, apply artificial heat or rub. Shift the patient to the hospital without delay. 

Broken Bones: 

Image result for broken bone and wound images    Fractures should be moved as little as possible, Immobilize and support the injured part at once. Upper limbs may be gently secured  to the body in the most comfortable position. When a leg is fractured leave the patient lying in as comfortable position as possible and call a doctor or ambulance. if transport is essential the injured limb may be secured to the sound one. 

Fainting:
Image result for fainting  Seat a person who feels fain. Fan face or sponge with cool water. Lower head to knees to encourage blood flow. If he faints lay him down, turn head to the side, and wave smelling salts or spirits of ammonia under the nose. if the faint lasts more than a few minutes, call a physician, if person regains consciousness, keep him quite and lying down for 15 minutes. 

Image result for poison

Poison: 
    If patient is unconscious, do not attempt to treat except with artificial respiration, if needed. Conscious patients of corrosive poison (which destroy tissue, e.g. acids) should be given large quantities of milk to drink. With narcotics (e.g. sleeping pills) the patient should be made do vomit by touching the back of his throat or giving him two tablespoons of salt in a glass of warm water to drink.

First Aid Management II

 Frostbite:


Image result for frostbite images
        Warm froze part in water (102-105 degrees). 
  • Don't use heat lamp or 
  • hot water bottle. 
  • Do not rub.



Heat Exhaustion: 

Image result for heat exhaustion
       Give patient 

  • sips of salt water (1 teaspoon of salt per glass, 1/2 glass every 15 minutes for one hour.
  • Loosen clothing and 
  • Apply cool wet cloths.
  • Keeping lying down with feet elevated. 
  • Take to hospital

Heatstroke:
    Image result for heatstroke
  • Sponge body with cool water or
  • Rub with alcohol.

First Aid Management

 Insects Bite and Stings:


    Image result for insect bite and stings
  •  Attempts to remove stinger.
  • Cover area with paste of baking soda, calamine lotion may be helpful later to reduce itching.
  • If patient faints, collapses or if body swells call  physician immediately.

Artificial Respiration (Resuscitation):

     The "exhaled air" (Mouth to mouth, or mouth to nose) method of artificial respiration is strongly recommended and should be learned by everyone. 

    Image result for artificial respiration
  • Lay patient on his back.
  • Tilt the head and chin away from the chest to clear airway.
  • Making sure that the tongue or foreign matter does not obstruct it.
  • Open your mouth and take a deep breath.
  • Pinch the patient's nostrils together
  • And then seal your lips around mouth.
  • Blow into his lungs until the chest rises.
  • Then remove your mouth and watch the chest deflate.
  • Repeat, giving the first four inflations as rapidly as possible.
  • Lung inflation can also be carried out through the nose. 
  • The casualty's mouth should be sealed with the thumb holding the lower jaw.
Heart Attacks:

    The American Heart association says that these are the usual warnings of heart attack, although symptoms vary 
    Image result for heart attack
  • Prolonged, oppressive pain or unusual discomfort in the center of the chest, behind the chest bone. Pain may radiate to shoulder, arm, neck or jaw.
  • The pain or discomfort is often accompanied by sweating, nausea, vomiting and shortness of breath may also occur.
  • Sometime these symptoms subside and then return.
Minutes count when heart attack strikes. ACT PROMPTLY. Call a doctor and carefully describe the symptoms, if no doctor is immediately available, shift the patient to a hospital emergency at once.

Principal of first aid

 

BBio

CPR, cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation

 


atmosphere

Components of Breathing Apparatus

 




Image result for BA warning whistle


Components of Breathing Apparatus:-

1.         Cylinder:
a.  Alloy Steel
b. Glass Fiber Composite
c.  Carbon Fiber composite

2.         Warning whistle:





3. Back Plate 
    or carrying Seat
With waist + shoulder harness


Image result for parts of breathing apparatus set


4.         Pressure Reducer
      or Control Value





5.         Pressure Gauge    

6.         Face Mask                                  
a.  Head Harness
7.         Lungs Demand value